An evaluation of trade facilitation measures and their impact on Nigeria’s export performance: A case study of the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (2000–2020).
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Background of the Study :
Trade facilitation measures have emerged as vital instruments in enhancing export performance by reducing transaction costs and streamlining customs procedures. In Nigeria, the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) has been at the forefront of implementing initiatives aimed at easing export processes, improving logistics, and fostering international competitiveness. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, policy reforms—including simplified documentation procedures, digitalized border operations, and improved inter-agency coordination—were introduced to facilitate smoother trade flows (Okafor, 2023). These measures were expected to boost export volumes by reducing delays and enhancing transparency, thereby enabling Nigerian exporters to access global markets more efficiently. Empirical studies indicate that enhanced trade facilitation not only reduces operational costs but also improves market responsiveness and competitiveness (Eze, 2024). Nonetheless, despite significant policy strides, challenges remain in terms of infrastructure, bureaucratic inertia, and limited stakeholder engagement. This study, therefore, evaluates the effectiveness of these trade facilitation measures by examining export performance indicators, the operational efficiency of the NEPC, and the practical challenges faced by exporters. It employs both quantitative data analysis and qualitative assessments from industry experts to offer a holistic understanding of the impact of these reforms on Nigeria’s export sectors (Adeniyi, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the implementation of various trade facilitation measures by the NEPC, Nigeria’s export performance has not reached the anticipated levels. Persistent challenges such as infrastructural inadequacies, bureaucratic delays, and limited coordination among governmental agencies have diluted the effectiveness of these initiatives (Okafor, 2023). Moreover, while digital reforms have been introduced, their adoption by small and medium exporters remains limited, affecting overall competitiveness. This disconnect between policy intentions and practical outcomes raises concerns about the adequacy of existing measures in addressing systemic inefficiencies. The study seeks to explore the gap between policy design and implementation, critically assessing the factors that hinder the full realization of export potential in Nigeria (Eze, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
To assess the effectiveness of trade facilitation measures implemented by the NEPC.
To analyze the relationship between trade facilitation reforms and export performance.
To recommend policy adjustments to enhance export competitiveness.
Research Questions:
How have trade facilitation measures impacted Nigeria’s export performance?
What operational challenges affect the efficiency of NEPC initiatives?
How can trade facilitation policies be improved to boost export volumes?
Research Hypotheses:
H1: Trade facilitation measures have a positive impact on Nigeria’s export performance.
H2: Infrastructural and bureaucratic challenges significantly reduce the effectiveness of these measures.
H3: Enhanced stakeholder engagement leads to improved export outcomes.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it critically examines the role of trade facilitation measures in enhancing Nigeria’s export performance. By evaluating the initiatives of the NEPC, the research offers actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders. The findings are expected to bridge the gap between policy formulation and practical implementation, thereby contributing to improved trade procedures and export competitiveness. Ultimately, the study supports the development of more efficient trade practices that can stimulate economic growth and integration into global markets (Adeniyi, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the topic only.
Definitions of Terms:
– Trade Facilitation Measures: Policies and practices aimed at reducing barriers in international trade.
– Export Performance: The effectiveness and volume of goods and services sold abroad.
– Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC): The government agency responsible for promoting Nigerian exports.
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